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・ The Bellman (film)
・ The Bellmores, New York
・ The Bellotron Incident
・ The Bellrays
・ The Bells
・ The Bells (1911 film)
・ The Bells (1918 film)
・ The Bells (1926 film)
・ The Bells (1931 film)
・ The Bells (album)
・ The Bells (band)
・ The Bells (Billy Ward and His Dominoes song)
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The Bells (play)
・ The Bells (poem)
・ The Bells (symphony)
・ The Bells (The Originals song)
・ The Bells and Whistles
・ The Bells Go Down
・ The Bells Line
・ The Bells of Aberdovey (song)
・ The Bells of Dublin
・ The Bells of Freedom
・ The Bells of Hell Go Ting-a-ling-a-ling
・ The Bells of Nagasaki
・ The Bells of Notre Dame
・ The Bells of Rhymney
・ The Bells of Saint John


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The Bells (play) : ウィキペディア英語版
The Bells (play)

''The Bells'' is a play in three acts by Leopold Davis Lewis which was one of the greatest successes of the British actor Henry Irving.〔George Rowell (1953) ''Nineteenth Century Plays''〕 The play opened on 25 November 1871 at the Lyceum Theatre in London and initially ran for 151 performances. Irving was to stage the play repeatedly throughout his career, playing the role of Mathias for the last time the night before his death in 1905.
==Background==
''The Bells'' is a translation by Leopold Lewis of the 1867 play ''Le Juif Polonais'' (''The Polish Jew'') by Erckmann-Chatrian. The Erckmann-Chatrian play was also adapted into an opera of the same name in three acts by Camille Erlanger, composed to a libretto by Henri Cain.
In 1871, Irving began his association with the Lyceum Theatre with an engagement under the management of Hezekiah Bateman. The fortunes of the house were at a low ebb when the tide was turned by Irving's sudden success as Mathias in ''The Bells,'' a property which Irving had found for himself. Bateman had been looking for a leading man when he saw Irving in a play, and the two discussed terms and possible roles for Irving, including a new version of ''The Polish Jew'', a play about a man haunted by a murder he has committed. The Lyceum Theatre season opened in September 1871, and the first two plays were box office failures. By late October Bateman was facing financial ruin. Again Irving urged him to stage ''The Polish Jew'', convinced that the play would be a dramatic and financial success. An unsuccessful version of the play was running at the Royal Alfred Theatre in Marylebone to meagre audiences, which failed to convince Bateman that another version could be a success; but Irving persuaded him and gave him a copy of ''The Bells'', by Leopold Lewis.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Review in ''Over the Footlights'' )
The opening night of ''The Bells'' on 25 November 1871 was held before a small audience, and during the performance a woman fainted in the stalls.〔Irving, Laurence ''Henry Irving: the Actor and His World'' Faber & Faber, London (1951) pg 198〕 The audience sat in stunned silence at the end of the play.〔Jones-Evans, Eric (editor), ''Henry Irving and the Bells: Irving's Personal Script of the Play'' Manchester University Press (1980) pg 6〕 However, they then gave the play, and Irving's performance, a great ovation.〔
George R Sims later wrote for ''The Evening News'':

"... There were plenty of stalls vacant at the Lyceum, and the author and I sat in two of them... The first part of ''The Bells'' was not very enthusiastically received, but the audience was undoubtedly held by the big scene. In the stalls there was a general agreement that Henry Irving had fulfilled the promise of dramatic intensity which he had shown in his recitation of ''The Dream of Eugene Aram''.

The play left the first-nighters a little dazed. Old fashioned playgoers did not know what to make of it as a form of entertainment. But when the final curtain fell the audience, after a gasp or two, realised that they had witnessed the most masterly form of tragic acting that the British stage had seen for many a long day, and there was a storm of cheers. Then, still pale, still haggard, still haunted, as it were, by the terror he had so perfectly counterfeited, the actor came forward with the sort of smile that did not destroy the character of the Burgomaster or dispel the illusion of the stage."〔

The critics declared Irving a new star, and he was immediately established at the forefront of British drama. The play ran for 150 nights, which was an unusually long run at the time. It would prove a popular vehicle for Irving for the rest of his professional life.〔
Edward Gordon Craig, who saw Irving perform the play 30 times, described Irving's performance as "the finest point the craft of acting could reach".〔Benedict Nightingale, 'Great Moments in Theatre' ''The Times'' 11 March 2011 (pg 15)〕 Craig added,

"The thing Irving set out to do was to show us the sorrow which slowly and remorselessly beat him down. The sorrow, which he suffers, must appeal to our hearts. Irving set out to wring our hearts, not to give a clever exhibition of antics such as a murderer would be likely to go through. Here is a strong human being who, through a moment of weakness, falls into error and for two hours becomes a criminal - does what he knows he is doing - acts deliberately but acts automatically, as though impelled by an immense force, against which no resistance is possible."

The overture and incidental music for ''The Bells'' was originally composed by Etienne Singla, Chef d'orchestre of the Théâtre Cluny in Paris for the opera ''Le Juif Polonais'' in 1869. H L Bateman brought Singla to the Lyceum to arrange his score for ''The Bells'', and, according to the programme, Singla conducted on the opening night. In future productions Irving deleted many of the musical themes in order to heighten the drama in various scenes.〔
As they drove home from the opening night of ''The Bells'', Irving's wife, Florence, criticised his profession: "Are you going on making a fool of yourself like this all your life?" (She was then pregnant with their second son, Laurence). Irving got out from their carriage at Hyde Park Corner, walked off into the night and chose never to see her again.〔Irving, Laurence ''Henry Irving : The Actor and His World'' Faber & Faber (1951) pg 200〕

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